2004年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷

将下列单句译成汉语(25分)

1) In the first half of this year, China’s GDP grew by 8.2%–despite the SARS virus. Electricity demand rose by 15% in the same period, led by power-hungry industries such as steel and aluminium.

2) China, anxious about capital flight and proud of its economic sovereignty, will not be brow-beaten into floating the yuan by hectoring Americans.

3) Power stations tend to be built far from cities, and to be surrounded by idle “buffer” land. It is suggested that greenhouses could be built on this land with the exhaust from the power station pumped in to supply the heat they need. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables and flowers cheaply.

4) Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addiction, the search for clean needles is particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also explain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitis C.

5) The fight over farm trade at the WTO ministerial meeting in the Mexican city of Cancún boils down to how far the rich world cuts tariffs on agricultural goods and dismantles its vast farm-subsidies, and by how much developing countries reduce their own considerable tariffs in return.

II. 将下列短文译成汉语(50分)

Unemployment in America is high, and elections are on the horizon. It must be time to look east again for scapegoats. Japan is only starting to recover from its protracted recession, so China will be handed the role of economic villain in the coming U.S. election cycle. Expect to hear a chorus of presidential candidates blame unfair Chinese competition for America’s manufacturing woes.

China’s trading partners do have legitimate grievances, but it would be irresponsible and inaccurate for American politicians to pin the United States’ economic sluggishness on scheming culprits in Beijing. Traveling in Asia in October, Treasury Secretary John Snow heeded political pressures back home in exhorting Chinese leaders to let the market price their currency. This is a desirable outcome in the long run, but a raft of immediate caveats come to mind.

China’s financial system remains fragile, and sudden currency volatility could lead to a banking crisis that could spell disaster for the world economy. Washington would do better to urge China’s leaders to focus on their lack of preparation to assume their proper role in the world’s financial order, rather than to demand any supposedly quick fix. Moreover, China’s refusal to devalue its currency in the aftermath of the late 1990’s crises in East Asia–much appreciated by its neighbors and Washington at a time when the yuan seemed overvalued–adds credence to Beijing’s insistence that it prizes stability when it comes to exchange rates, not short-term advantage. With most economists concerned that China’s robust growth could fuel inflation and a speculative bubble, there are valid reasons for Beijing to fear a surging currency.

III. 将下列单句译成英语(25分)

1) 尽管20世纪90年代全国经济复苏，美国家庭最富有者和最贫穷者收入之间的差距继续扩大。

2) 中华民族大家庭，靠文化价值观―风俗习惯、语言、文字―凝聚成一体。但家庭内部也有纷争，家庭延续也有兴衰。

3) 如果没有移民，美国不可能在第二次世界大战期间制造出原子弹;没有移民，美国也不会成为当今世界上的唯一超级大国。

4) 已经有一整年没活动筋骨了，整天坐在研究室里，翻阅资料，逐渐感觉到身体的机能在退化，筋骨像是长了锈，甚至出现腰酸背痛的迹象。

5) 澳门是中国南海边的一个小城，面积现有约24平方公里，人口也不过约43万人。但是，在中国的高等教育发展史上，书写了光辉的开创篇，因为中国第一所西式大学就是在这里于1594年创办的。

IV. 将下列短文译成英语(50分)

在市场经济的条件下，资源肯定要向成本低、效益高、利润大的地方流动。所以，生产要素往城市和经济发达地区集中，是完全自发和自动的必然流向。在“全球化”的过程中，会伴生一个副作用，就是富者越富，穷者越穷。不要说“全球化”，就是“全国化”也一样，有钱的地区，就能提供各种优惠来吸引投资，没钱的地区，由于各种困难而屡屡失去机会，东西部差距、城乡差距就会越来越大。在这种情况下，农村、农业、农民肯定处于弱势地位，而保障农民各项权益，都是要花钱的，如果单靠其自身的努力，情况肯定难以改变，必须由相对富裕的地区给予大力帮助，也包括各级政府的财政转移支付、政策优惠，以及各种社会公共资源的倾斜。因此，保障农民权益的根本出路就在于发展经济，首先得让农民逐步富裕起来。

如果仍旧保持在传统农业的框架之下，只靠那“一亩三分地”，不管种什么也只能勉强糊口，发不了财。要解决当前的“三农”问题，必须从结构上进行大调整，尽可能去赚城里人的钱。而政府则要改善大环境，帮助农民从小农经济的桎梏中走出去，打开新天地，农民才能富裕起来。